Modern burn therapy started around the Second World War when penicillin, sulphanilamide and plasma were clinically used for the first time. They were effective solutions against the two most usual deadly complications of deep burns, infection and shock. In Europe, before 1940, a patient with over 30 per cent of their skin was most like to die. Now these patients can attain multi-disciplinary treatment in a well-equipped and highly specialized burn unit.

Immense improvements have appeared since the 1940s, reflected by lower mortality rates, better healing time and restored functionality. This is thanks to the formation of burn research units, a better understanding of the burn injury and new, improved treatments.

The medical team's first concern is not the burn scar or burn wound itself, but the patient's life-support systems for respiration and blood circulation. The patient can die from breathing problems or from shock. Shock is characterized by a decreased rate of blood flow to the essential organs. If the blood flow to these organs is insufficient, they are deprived of the oxygen they need to function. The shock's severity generally matches the amount of skin that has been burned, that is expressed as a percentage of the entire body surface. There will be respiratory problems if the lungs cannot provide enough oxygen to the organism. This is more likely if the patient has also been affected by smoke inhalation.

Smoke inhalation, shock, burn size and the extension of a possible third-degree lesion determines a patient's immediate possibilities for survival when suffering a burn injury. The success rate of skin care procedures depends on the age of the burn victim, the size of the lesion, and the severity of smoke inhalation damage.

Burns are classified by the size of the burn in relation to the overall body size of the victim and to the depth of the burn. The burn injury is cleaned by hospital staff once or twice a day and then dressed, usually with treatment products created to kill microbes (a burn cream known as a topical antibiotic), bandages and gauze. Dressings means anything the nurses put on or around the wound. Paraffin-impregnated gauze is adequate because it doesn't adhere to the wound. Modern see-through dressings are best, as the wound can heal beneath what looks like transparent plastic sheeting. The healing progress can be monitored and the skin doesn't require to be disturbed so often and so heals more quickly. The see-through dressings are very expensive, but not if measured in terms of minimizing pain, less scarring and quicker healing. Classical bandages can be reused after being washed, while plastic-like sheets are used once.

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